NAD+

Description

Overview

NAD+ (β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form) is a ubiquitous pyridine dinucleotide coenzyme supplied by G Peptide Labs as a research-grade reference material for laboratory and preclinical investigation. Structurally it pairs a nicotinamide mononucleotide with an adenosine monophosphate unit through a pyrophosphate bridge, giving the free acid a molecular formula of C21H27N7O14P2 and a molecular weight of approximately 663.43 g/mol (CAS 53-84-9). It is offered strictly for in-vitro and non-clinical research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary application, diagnostic use, or any form of self-administration.

Each lot is characterized for identity and purity and accompanied by a third-party certificate of analysis (COA), supporting reproducible experimental design across Canadian academic, biotechnology, and contract-research settings.

Research Context

NAD+ sits at the centre of cellular energy metabolism and redox biology, and it is among the most extensively studied coenzymes in the life sciences. Researchers investigate NAD+ as a benchmark cofactor when profiling metabolic flux, mitochondrial activity, and enzyme kinetics in cultured cells and cell-free systems. In preclinical literature, tissue NAD+ pools and their turnover have been examined as variables that shift with metabolic state and with age in animal models.

• A reference substrate and standard in assays that quantify NAD+/NADH ratios and redox status in vitro.
• A cofactor of interest in studies of NAD+-dependent enzymes, including dehydrogenases, sirtuins, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases.
• A comparator in preclinical work exploring NAD+ precursors and NAD+-boosting strategies in cell and rodent models.

Mechanism of Interest

The scientific interest in NAD+ stems from its dual role as a redox carrier and as a consumed substrate. As a redox coenzyme, NAD+ accepts a hydride to form NADH, shuttling reducing equivalents through glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation in experimental preparations. Distinct from this recyclable role, NAD+ is also cleaved by signalling enzymes that use it as a substrate rather than a carrier.

• Redox cycling: researchers use NAD+/NADH interconversion to probe bioenergetic pathways and enzyme turnover in cell lysates and purified-enzyme assays.
• Sirtuin signalling: NAD+ serves as the co-substrate for sirtuin deacylases, a focus of in-vitro studies on chromatin and metabolic regulation.
• ADP-ribosylation: NAD+ is consumed by PARP enzymes during DNA-damage response modelling in cultured cells.

These mechanisms are described here as objects of laboratory investigation only; no physiological benefit for humans is implied.

Specifications

• Compound: β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), oxidized free acid
• CAS number: 53-84-9
• Molecular formula: C21H27N7O14P2
• Molecular weight: ~663.43 g/mol (free acid)
• Appearance: white to off-white lyophilized powder
• Purity: ≥98% (lot-specific value stated on the COA)
• Format: research-grade reference material, available in multiple fill sizes

Handling, Reconstitution & Storage

NAD+ should be handled by trained personnel using appropriate laboratory practice. As supplied, the lyophilized powder is best stored desiccated and protected from light and moisture.

• Storage (powder): store at -20 °C in a sealed, desiccated container; the intact lyophilate is generally stable for extended periods under these conditions.
• Reconstitution: NAD+ is water-soluble; many workflows prepare stock solutions in cold ultrapure water or an appropriate assay buffer. Because NAD+ can hydrolyze in aqueous or alkaline conditions, solutions are typically prepared fresh, kept cold, and used promptly.
• Working solutions: aliquot to minimize freeze–thaw cycles; store aliquots at -20 °C or lower and avoid repeated warming.
• Stability: confirm compatibility with your buffer pH and assay temperature, and validate stability empirically for your specific protocol.

Quality & Verification

Every G Peptide Labs lot of NAD+ ships with a third-party certificate of analysis so researchers can verify what they receive before designing experiments. Analytical characterization typically documents identity and chromatographic purity, allowing results to be traced back to a defined, lot-specific reference standard.

• Purity by HPLC: confirms the stated ≥98% purity for the specific lot shipped.
• Identity confirmation: mass spectrometry supports the expected molecular weight and identity of the compound.
• Traceability: the COA lot number matches the vial label, linking your data to a documented, verifiable batch.

All materials are distributed for research use only within Canada. Purchasers are responsible for handling NAD+ in accordance with their institutional safety policies and applicable regulations.

Selected Research

Peer-reviewed references provided for scientific context; they describe laboratory and preclinical findings only.

1. NAD+ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration. Science Verdin E, 2015. PMID: 26785480
2. Therapeutic Potential of NAD-Boosting Molecules: The In Vivo Evidence. Cell Metabolism Rajman L, Chwalek K, Sinclair DA, 2018. PMID: 29514064
3. NAD(+) Metabolism and the Control of Energy Homeostasis: A Balancing Act between Mitochondria and the Nucleus. Cell Metabolism Cantó C, Menzies KJ, Auwerx J, 2015. PMID: 26118927
4. The therapeutic perspective of NAD+ precursors in age-related diseases. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Iqbal T, Nakagawa T, 2024. PMID: 38340651